Women s Right s Movement And Its Impacts - 887 Words

The Women’s Right’s Movement and Its Impacts Susan B Anthony, one of the first women to participate in the women s right movement said â€Å"I declare to you that woman must not depend upon the protection of man, but must be taught to protect herself, and there I take my stand.† For a long time women were seen as inferior to men. They weren t capable of the things that men were. They were expected to stay in the household and tend to the children. They were subjects to their own oppression and for a long time they just let it happen. That all changed when a group of women organized an event at a church in Seneca Falls. This event would be the start of the women’s right’s movement that would change American in so many ways. Thesis? The Women’s rights movement changed many things for women in our society today. This movement had great leaders who were willing to deal with the ridicule and the disrespect that came along with being a woman. At that time they were fighting for what they thought to be true and realistic. Some of the great women who were willing to deal with those things were Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Jane Hunt, Mary McClintock, and Martha C. Wright. These women organized the first ever women s rights convention. This convention was held in a church in Seneca Falls in 1848. At this convection they expressed their problems with how they were treated, as being less than a man. These women offered solutions to the problem by drafting the Declaration ofShow MoreRelatedFeminism And Its Impact On Women s Rights Movement Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagestroop of an angry man-hating, unattractive women. When signing up for classes for senior year, I wanted to pick classes of interest to me , but sadly those classes were filled up, leaving me with no choice to enroll in a Gender Studies class. Unexpectedly, I never met with a mass of enraged women spewing hate towards males; rather it was calm and filled with intelligent conversations.Media often broadcasts radical feminists as the poster child for the movement, an image I had coming into class. ThisRead MoreAbortion : A Positive Impact For Women s Reproductive Rights Movement870 Words   |  4 PagesHyde Amendment get your way I used to think abortion is really a personal choice until I learned my aunt’s choice. After borrowing enough money form my relatives, she finally gets an appointment for her abortion. For my aunt, likes many low-income women on Medicaid in Texas, the only choice for their unwanted pregnancy is either high-cost and late-term abortions or giving birth. This choice is not from their personal preferences, but is influenced with abortion legislations. Abortion has been legalizedRead More The Womens Movement Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe Womens Movement Works Cited Missing The women’s movement began in the nineteenth century when groups of women began to speak out against the feeling of separation, inequality, and limits that seemed to be placed on women because of their sex (Debois 18). By combining two aspects of the past, ante-bellum reform politics and the anti-slavery movement, women were able to gain knowledge of leadership on how to deal with the Women’s Right Movement and with this knowledge led the way to transformRead MoreWomens Movement Impact1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Women s Movement, including the Women’s Rights Movement and The Women’s Suffrage Movement, had a significant impact on U.S history. In order to understand if the movement met the set goals, we must look at what the value of women is today. Politically, new laws and amendments were passed to support women and their rights. Socially, women became more respected and accepted. Economically, women were given more roles in society. Educationally, women were given more education and career opportunitiesRead MoreThe Second Wave Of Feminism799 Words   |  4 Pagesfeminism (in the 1960’s and 1970’s) successful in achieving equality for women?† The essay is introduced by describing why the second wave of feminism developed and the aims of this second wave of feminist. The essay is broken into two parts. The first part of the essay discusses the impact of women s rights activist on legislation. It is argued that the second wave feminist were unsuccessful in gaining equality in terms of obtaining equal wages and opportunities for women in the workplace. TheyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Trifles By Susan Gillespe Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesWomen rights are the act of fighting for the idea that man and woman should have equal rights. â€Å"Throughout history woman generally have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men.† (Women s History in America Presented by Women s Internation al Center) Mother hood seemed to be a women most significant profession. In the 20th century woman fought for a reevaluation of traditional views on their society. During the past 100 years’ women, civil rights have evolved. â€Å"Women have been viewedRead MoreYiyao Su. 3/24/17. Career Or Family. Depicting In Both1607 Words   |  7 PagesWhite Rose is an album of various types of women during the time of early twentieth century. During this period, the concept of career and family co-ordination has had a significant impact on the real life of women during the Republican period. Females have had to either take on the dual roles of professional women and housewives or make difficult choices between their careers and families. At that time, with the rise of female profession trend, some women to feed their families had to be exhaustedRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1077 Words   |  5 PagesLife for women before August 18th,1920, was unequal to men (Adams, page 11). They did not have the right to vote nor were they able take action in anything. They also did not have a say in anything surrounding them. Government decisions were only taken by men. As years went by, women felt the need that they had to have a say in stuff. Today nearly fifty percent of the population in the United states are Women according to census. Considering that the average woman takes part of governmental electionsRead MoreWomen s Rights For Women1465 Words   |  6 Pages Women’s rights in America in late 1800’s women’s right to vote women in medicine and the equal rights for women are the 3 main points that were big in the 1800’s. Women’s rights to vote women couldn’t vote back in the late 1800’s. Women had to stay home and take care of the children, cook and clean the house and when their husbands get home take care of them too. Although women had to do all those things they were not paid equal for the things they did. Women were told it is not job to vote thatRead MoreThe Feminist Movement Of Margaret Harrison929 Words   |  4 PagesAs women’s role in society increased throughout history, a feminist movement started to evolve. Some periods in history however, reached little improvement in women’s rights, especially in England. These women pushing for the same rights as their male counterparts believe they should not be treated differently as their male counterparts. Margaret Harrison advocates the feminist movement through her lifetime from her paintings and by forming art organizations. Margaret Harrison was born in Wakefield

The Characteristics of Language Acquisition and Development Free Essays

Language ability starts even before birth and happens in every area of the child’s life. A child absorbs the language that is spoken in their environment with characteristics such as the tonal quality, the syntax, and the usages of that language. A child can learn languages which are spoken by their parents. We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics of Language Acquisition and Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The child absorbs the language that is most prevalent in the environment they live. It is a unique phenomenon in human life and occurs in a significant time span. Language absorption is provided by nature from birth, up until around the ages of four to five. Early Childhood Language development in the first five years of life is the key for a child’s development of communication and language. In the first five years of life, the language development begins at birth when infants communicate through their cries and the many looks they give. In the next period, infant’s attempts at communication with adults become more deliberate. This period is usually around xix to eighteen months. Infants in this period can coordinate their visual attention with another person regarding objects and events. Their ability to remember comes into play. Their remembering will consist of recognizing and recall methods. Their quest to further their knowledge will help to facilitate their oral language competencies. Oral language Competencies are directly related to the acquisition of literacy. Children learn new words from hearing them in similar positions as they are used in sentences. They learn their words through direct teaching, parent vocalizations, and other points of interest. They also learn words by associating a word they hear with some concrete reference they can see. Their receptive mode in oral language is listening and their expressive mode in that area is peaking. Their written language receptive mode is reading and their expressive mode is writing. â€Å"Children who are fluent in oral language are more successful learners. † â€Å"Being successful learners in this regard leads to better communication skills, better listeners, and the ability to talk with peers and teachers more effectively. † (Otto, 2006) In the third period, from 18 months onward, language becomes children’s primary means of learning and communication. Preschoolers can engage in conversations, can use language for self-control and have the capacity to participate verbally. An infant’s oral competencies are a part of a larger scenario. What children acquire and learn often relates to what they are exposed to in the womb. My grandmother and mother were always big on making sure that they encouraged my sisters and /or their female friends to speak to their unborn children. â€Å"Talk to the little one and let him or her know that you are there. † I firmly believe that my love for music comes from the fact that mother used to tell me that she played music for me the entire time she was pregnant with me. I seriously fell in love with music at around age 2 (by all accounts and photos). The text tells us that â€Å"infants can perceive sounds beginning with the 25t week of gestation. † (Otto, 2006) This makes it extremely important for expecting parents to talk, sing, read, and provide as many sounds and words as possible. Once babies are born, the text also tells us that â€Å"beginning at birth, children are a part of a social environment. It is within this social environment that language development begins. † (Otto, 2010) â€Å"They are also born with predispositions to pay attention to language and people in their environment. † (Otto, 2006) Children will learn words between 18 months and 6 years of age. They begin to distinguish specific phonemes as early as 1 month of age. † (Otto, 2006) They however are still not able to verbally express those distinctions as of yet. An infant will first need to decipher speech sounds that occur within their environment. That’s why it is crucial for parents and/or caregivers to speak, listen, and then respond to whatever their baby is uttering. This will be a kind of reinforcement of developing language patterns. I think this makes me realize the importance of the bonding process that all parents should undertake after birth. The role of a caregiver should follow later after this process is complete. I think this will play a beneficial role in how an infant will acquire his or her oral competencies. Some of our literature offers us a time table as to when some of these accomplishments will occur. The text tells us that â€Å"at six months a child will respond to his or her name. † â€Å"At twelve months, a child uses their words with meaning and intention. † â€Å"The vocabulary increases from that of five to 20 words at 18 months to 150-200 words at two years of age. â€Å"By the age of 4, a child can use at least four prepositions, know names of familiar animals and has mastered one or more colors. † (Atherton, 2008) This leads us to discuss the various ways in which it could be possible for children to acquire language. There are several perspectives that describe the ways in which children can acquire language skills. â€Å"The Learning perspective argues that children imitate what they see and hear; and that children learn from punishment and reinforcement. †(Shaffer,Wood, Willoughby, 2002). The first is the Nativist Perspective. This perspective focuses on the inborn and/or the innate human capabilities as it relates to the acquisition of syntactic language. â€Å"Applications provide the opportunity to use and explore language to encourage â€Å"hypothesis testing† and activate LAD. † (Otto, 2006)This would be useful in helping young students develop confidence in questioning the information they acquire. This perspective was researched by Noam Chomsky, who is known for his contributions to the study of linguistics and his influence on the teaching of computer languages and mathematics. The next perspective is called the Cognitive Development Perspective. The idea of language acquisition; as it described by theorist Jean Piaget, is â€Å"acquired as maturation occurs and cognitive competencies develop. † (Otto, 2006) Implications would dictate that in order to be successful in language acquisition, â€Å"learning activities should be developed to match a child’s stage of cognitive development. † (Otto, 2006) In a classroom setting, this might be a challenging, tedious, but still rewarding endeavor for a teacher. This idea might find more credence in the arena of special education. The Behaviorist Perspective consists of language being learned through repetitive and supported speech. This is also facilitated by â€Å"associations between stimuli, responses, and events following the response. † (Otto, 2006). Students would benefit greatly from the direct correlation and association of everyday objects, activities, and situations. The implications as researched by B. F. Skinner, â€Å"focus on the stimuli and reinforcements that children experience which involve language use. (Otto, 2006) Children’s communication efforts are also supported as well as language exercises that involve a repetitive nature. The Interactionist Perspective; focused on by theorist Vygotsky, has a direct connection on sociocultural interaction. Its implications provide a positive emotional basis for social interactions. It also offers a â€Å"wide range of social interactions in which oral and written language are used in developmentally appropriate activities. † (Otto, 2006) For those students learning on many levels this would be a significant opportunity to apply those oral and written language skills with everyday interactions. Out of all the theoretical perspectives listed, I am more impressed with the Interactionist Theoretical Perspective. In my opinion it offers a greater opportunity to apply language acquisition with social interaction opportunities. It also give the child an avenue to be expressive in ways that will benefit them later in their development. these areas might include eye contact with greater confidence, mediation for future conflict resolution, child-directed speech for positive peer relations; and support for questioning. I am always a fan of social interacting building. References http://languagedevelopment.tripod.com/id15.html How to cite The Characteristics of Language Acquisition and Development, Essay examples

Foundations of Supply Side Economics

Question: Discuss about the Foundations of Supply Side Economics. Answer: Introduction: The central theme of any economy is to create a condition where there is subtle balance between the demand poised by the consumers and the supply generated by the producers. This subtle balance should be maintained at the lowest possible cost and at the highest level of employment in the economy (Hubbard O'Brien, 2015). The point where none of the economic agents gets any incentive to deviate from their existing condition unless some external forces are applied is known as equilibrium. Equilibrium can be either stable or unstable in nature. This answer tries to highlight the stability in the equilibrium level of the economy with the help of the basic concepts of aggregate demand and aggregate supply theory. Both the long run and the short run aggregate supply curve has been used to analyze the reason as to why the economy does not find any incentive to digress from the equilibrium in the long run. Discussion of the theories and its interpretation: Concept of equilibrium: The term equilibrium implies equal balance. Generally, the term was used in physics but later on was adopted into economics. In economics, equilibrium means the process through which balance between the economys demand and supply (Bernanke, Antonovics, Frank, 2015). It is established through competition in the market either under the free hand or under restriction. Equilibrium can be classified into various types depending upon its nature of occurrence. This write up focuses on the stability of the equilibrium, which implies that whenever there is a match between the supply price and the demand price of any goods (Buiter, 2014). The economy is classified into three types of market. They are: Product market, labor market and financial market. The global equilibrium is attained by maintaining equilibrium in each of these interrelated markets. The IS-LM model gives us the concept of AD curve which was then interrelated with the AS curve to explain the stability of long-term equilibrium . Theory of aggregate demand: The total quantity of services and goods demanded by the consumers within the economy is known as aggregate demand. The aggregate demand curve shows the quantity that has been demanded at each possible price level. The balance between the planned expenditure and the actual expenditure of an economy is highlighted by this curve (Gal, 2013). Theory of aggregate Supply: Aggregate supply has been defined as the total production of all the services and goods that has been produced in the market. It is generally upward sloping in nature because the producers gets incentive to produce more goods and services at higher prices but they are unwilling to produce less quantity of goods at lesser price (Canto, Joines, Laffer, 2014). Equilibrium in short run: In the short run, at-least one input of production remains fixed. Usually it is assumed that the capital is the fixed factor of production. The resultant effect is shown as follows: From the above figure, it can be said that the equilibrium prices and quantity at initial level is P and Y respectively. There may be some sudden increase in demand within the economy it is going to shift the AD curve outward (Michaillat, 2013). On an immediate level as there is no change in the supply level, hence the equilibrium is revised at P1 and Y1. Though it can be seen that Y1 is greater than Y and for an economy more output is preferred to less but it also raises the price level. Hence, government finds it necessary to intervene and maintain the balance of the economy. Equilibrium in long run: In the long run equilibrium is ensured at the intersecting point of three different curves, namely, the AD, SRAS and the LRAS curves. The figure below shows the long run equilibrium: In the long run, the economy is said to be near full-employment level that is at NAIRU. The economy uses all its resources and work force to produce the maximum possible output and hence the long run aggregate supply curve is vertical in shape (Keating, 2013). Any increase in demand in the long run can initially shift the demand curve outward as shown by AD1. Ideally then the equilibrium should be at the intersection of the AD1 and SRAS curve with higher level of output at higher price. Nevertheless, at the same time the restricted supply in the long run ensures that output remains at Y1 and hence increase in demand leads to increase in the price level only. As a result, the demand for the goods again gets reduced and equilibrium is restored to the initial level where the three curves meet. In the long run as the equilibrium gets re-stored even after it has been distorted as a result of changes in the economic factors hence it is known as stable equilibrium. The government has fiscal policy at their hand to maintain the balance within the economy. They take up either expansionary policy or contractionary policy according to the level of distortions (Schwieelmann, 2013). Through these policies, the government tries to keep the inflation under control and the unemployment level within or near its natural rate so that the asset bubbles are not created in the economy and the economy does not face any severe crisis. Conclusion: The write up can be encapsulated by connoting the fact that all three types of market are highly inter-related and hence any distortion in one of the market leads to the global economic distortions. Hence, the government of all the nation tries to implement the policies in a way so as to maintain subtle balance in all the markets. In the short run, though the market sees fluctuations but in the long run the equilibrium is ultimately established. Since, in long run all the resources are variable in nature and are used optimally, so there is no scope of increasing the output and hence the equilibrium is obtained at the juncture of the AD, SRAS and LRAS curves. References: Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K., Frank, R. (2015). Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Buiter, W. H. (2014). Temporary Equilibrium and Long-Run Equilibrium. Routledge. Canto, V. A., J., D. H., L., B., A. (2014). Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. Gal, J. (2013). Notes for a new guide to Keynes (I): wages, aggregate demand, and employment. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(5) , 973-1003. Hubbard, R. G., O'Brien, A. P. (2015). Macroeconomics. Pearson. Keating, J. (2013). Interpreting permanent shocks to output when aggregate demand may not be neutral in the long run. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 45(4) , 747-756. Michaillat, P. . (2013). Aggregate Demand, Idle Time, and Unemployment No. w18826. National Bureau of Economic Research. Schwieelmann, J. (2013). Effects of Fiscal Policy. Grin Verlag Ohg.

International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas

Introduction The BNP Paribas group is a market leader in the banking industry with operations in over 75 countries. It has a strong presence in Europe, Asia, and North America, where it provides investment, commercial, corporate, and retail banking services. Retail banking covers direct banking services such as credit facilities and mortgages extended to individual customers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of this report is to recommend an international expansion strategy for BNP Paribas. The report analyzes the macro-environmental characteristics of the Singaporean market, available opportunities and threats, and BNP’s strengths and weaknesses in respect to its international expansion strategy. Potential Target Market The Singaporean retail banking market has seen an accelerated growth over the past few years. The accelerated growth is projected to reach a value of $297bn by 2019 (MarketLine 2015). From 2010 and 2014, the market grew to a value of $228bn, averaging an annual growth rate of about 8%, which is higher than that of South Korea (MarketLine 2015). The significant growth rate has made the Singaporean retail banking market highly competitive in the Asia-Pacific region.  The key segments driving the Singaporean retail banking market include mortgage and customer credit. In 2014, mortgages were valued at $168bn, which was equivalent to 74% of the market (MarketLine 2015). In contrast, the credit segment was worth approximately $60bn, an equivalent of 26% of the market. In this view, BNP Paribas can leverage on its market leader position in retail banking to expand its mortgage and consumer credit services to the Singaporean market. Macro-environmental Characteristics of the Market Macro-environmental characteristics encompass the external factors that are not under the direct con trol of a firm. In this report, the PESTLE framework will be used as a model for analyzing the macro-environmental characteristics of the Singaporean retail banking market. Political Singapore enjoys a relatively stable political and governance landscape. The country’s competent leadership has favored competitive capabilities in many sectors, particularly the manufacturing industry. Singapore’s strict anticorruption policy has seen it being rated among the top five countries with the least corruption index globally.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, there has been an increased flow of foreign direct investments into the country in recent years.  Singapore has a thriving banking sector with strong liquidity levels. According to MarketLine (2015), the country’s regulatory body, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), requires tier 1 banks to maintain â€Å"capital ratios of above 9.0† (para. 8). In addition, the authority requires banks to observe the Base III capital standards on capital adequacy. Under this global regulatory framework, banks must maintain a mandatory â€Å"common equity ratio of 4.5%† to operate in Singapore (MarketLine 2015, para. 12). The strict regulations have ensured that banks maintain a high liquidity even when cash outflows are rising. Singapore has strict business regulations that guide foreign firms entering into its market. Any foreign firm is required to register as a limited company before being allowed to operate in Singapore. Furthermore, regulations enacted in 2007 stipulate that any private limited company must file annual returns with the country’s income tax department (MarketLine 2013). Thus, foreign companies operating in Singapore cannot keep their financial records confidential. Economic Singaporean economy is based on trade and manufacturing. It has a bu siness-friendly environment that attracts massive foreign direct investment inflows. The economy weathered the 2009 recession to grow at an annual rate of 14.7% in 2010 (MarketLine 2013). However, in 2011, the economic growth slowed to a low of 5.1% in response to the financial crisis experienced in the EU. The susceptibility of the Singaporean economy to external shocks is due to its openness to international firms and investors.  The country ranks third globally in per-capita GDP and has a relatively low tax regime (MarketLine 2015). The low tax rates make Singapore an attractive foreign investment destination. Singapore stands out as a financial hub in the Asia-Pacific region. Over 123 banks operate in the Singaporean economy with 117 of them being foreign (MarketLine 2015). Overall, the country’s economic landscape is highly attractive to foreign investment. Social Singapore ranks high in terms of literacy levels internationally. The Singaporean government’s expe nditure on education constitutes 3% of the country’s GDP with much of the funds going to elementary and secondary education (MarketLine 2013). In higher education, Singaporean institutions feature among the top 20 universities in the Asia-Pacific region.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Singapore’s population consists of a disproportionate number of the elderly. The high number of elderly population is caused by the country’s low birthrate of 10.8 births per 1,000 persons (MarketLine 2013). The growing elderly population coupled with the low birth rate will present financial and socioeconomic challenges to the government in the future. The unemployment rate stands at 1.8%, down from 2.2% in 2010 (MarketLine 2015). The low unemployment rate is due to the sustained economic growth in the country. Technology Singa pore’s technology landscape is characterized by a high mobile penetration of 156.6 per 100 persons (MarketLine 2015). The government’s ‘iN 2015 strategy’ aims to transform Singapore into a technology hub. Under this plan, the government plans to fund various programs geared towards stimulating the adoption of technologies such as e-health in the country. In 2012, Singapore score on patented technologies stood at 152.5 patents per million people, which was higher than that of France (82.5). Singapore has also invested in ‘e-learning’ and e-government to provide the requisite infrastructure for technological innovation. Legal Singapore’s legal environment is characterized by a low tax regime and strict regulations. According to MarketLine (2015), the country’s corporate tax, which stands at a rate of 17%, is among the lowest in the Asia-Pacific region. The government reduced the corporate tax by a percentage point to 17% in 2009, m aking it among the lowest in the region. The government has also reduced the duration it takes to register a business. It takes three days to register a new company compared to an average of 12 days it takes in other OECD nations (MarketLine 2015). Moreover, in the Asia-Pacific region, it takes an average of three weeks to start a new business. Thus, Singapore’s legal environment is favorable to the growth of business and industry. Environment Singapore’s environment policy focuses on energy efficiency. The country undertook to improve its â€Å"energy efficiency by 35% and recycling by 70%† by the year 2030 (MarketLine 2015). Singapore’s efforts to increase energy efficiency will reduce the cost of doing business in the country. However, the country faces many environmental challenges because most of its land mass lies near sea level. Therefore, its coastal areas are vulnerable to the effects of rising sea level because of its long coastline. The Key Str ategic Issues BNP’s strong position in its market segments is a source of competitive advantage. However, to be successful in the retail banking market in Singapore, the BNP Paribas group must leverage on its competitive advantages and strengths to take advantage of the market opportunities and business threats or challenges that characterize the external environment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities Mobile Payment Systems The Singaporean personal finance and mobile payment systems are key subsectors that offer opportunities for growth. BNP can venture into these two areas to increase its penetration into this market. In 2007, BNP launched a â€Å"mobile contactless payment system† in partnership with MasterCard (BNP Paribas 2015, para. 7). The multi-operator mobile solution, called Payez Mobile, brings retail banking services closer to the customers. BNP can capitalize on Singapore’s high mobile penetration, currently estimated to be 156.6 per 100 people, to penetrate the retail banking market.  Mobile solutions, such as Payez Mobile, that allow customers to manage their transactions can give the BNP a strategic advantage. Such solutions can increase the firm’s visibility in the retail banking market by allowing customers to withdraw or deposit funds in their accounts through their mobile devices. An integrated mobile solution that enables c ustomers to transact across different operators is another way BNP can penetrate and grow in the Singaporean retail banking market. Personal Finance Personal finance is replete with growth opportunities for new entrants. BNP already has a personal finance division that was started in 2007 in partnership with the UCB bank (BNP Paribas 2015). The BNP personal finance stands a good chance of tapping into the opportunities available in Singapore’s retail banking sector. Through the personal finance division, BNP can extend competitive credit facilities and mortgages to new clients in Singapore. According to BNP Paribas (2015), the group’s personal finance in the Eurozone is experiencing a double-digit growth, which is an indication that the bank has opportunities in the Singaporean personal finance sector. To gain a strategic advantage, BNP will need to utilize different platforms to increase its geographical reach. The bank can enter into agreements with partners or agent s to market its personal finance product. Alternatively, it can sell the products (mortgages and credit facilities) directly to the people or via the internet. The multi-channel approach will enable BNP to capture a large market and enhance its capacity to be competitive in the Singaporean market. Threats Singapore comes second in the Economic Freedom Index, an indicator of the business-friendliness of a country’s economic policy (MarketLine 2015). However, the increasing trade regulations, dependence on foreign labor, and rising property prices pose a threat to business growth. Trade Regulations Although Singapore’s business regulations favor investment inflows, recent trends indicate a toughening of the laws guiding foreign investments. As from 2013, any foreign-owned organization, regardless of its status in the country of origin, is required to register as a limited liability company to operate in Singapore (MarketLine 2015). In contrast, in other countries, regist ering as a private limited company is optional. Therefore, the BNP will have to register as a private limited company to operate in the Singaporean retail-banking sector. In addition, the bank must comply with the country’s 2007 regulations that require firms to file annual returns to the income tax department. Dependence on Foreign Labor Singapore experiences a persistent labor crunch, forcing it to rely on foreign labor to drive its economy. According to MarketLine (2013), foreign labor in 2012 constituted 37% of the country’s workforce, which is among the highest globally. Singapore’s overdependence on foreign labor is a threat to sustained economic growth. In addition, the government’s restrictions on labor inflows to provide opportunities for local workers are likely to slow down economic productivity. Rising Property Prices It is projected that the rising inflow of foreign labor will lead to an increase in the demand for property in Singapore. As a result, prices in the real estate and property market will rise, posing a threat to business growth. Private and public residential property in Singapore increased in value by over 120% and 70%, respectively, between 2009 and 2013 (MarketLine 2015). The rise in property prices is attributed to the high foreign labor inflow that drives the demand upwards.  The rise in property prices has increased the value of mortgages extended to households. According to MarketLine (2015), in 2013, up to 49,000 households in Singapore had two mortgages. As a result, Singapore’s household debt amounts to 77% of its GDP. The high household debt means that lenders cannot increase interest rates. Therefore, the BNP will face the threat of high household debt that will affect the growth of the mortgage segment. In addition, a high default rate, which is estimated to be 10%, is another threat to growth in this subsector. Strengths BNP’s strengths in the banking sector lie in its leading m arket position in the Eurozone, sustainable revenue mix, and strong capital base. These factors give the institution a strong strategic advantage as it expands its retail banking to new markets. Market Leader Position The BNP group is a market leader in Europe, particularly in France, where it is the largest bank. It offers banking services to the major international markets in Europe, Asia, and Africa, among other regions. Besides retail banking, BNP’s three other complementary products include â€Å"corporate banking, investment banking, and asset management† (BNP Paribas 2015, para. 4). Its market leader position in retail banking means that it has sufficient capabilities to leverage on to expand successfully into the Singaporean market.  On the global front, the BNP group ranks as the eleventh largest firm in its market segment. It is a leading provider of personal finance in the Eurozone. It’s French Lease Group dominates the equipment leasing market in F rance. Thus, BNP can capitalize on its position as a market leader to build its brand image in the Singaporean retail-banking sector. Sustainable Revenue Mix BNP’s revenue model is well balanced and sustainable. The share of its retail banking accounted for 56% of the total revenue earned in 2011, underscoring the significance of this segment to BNP’s growth strategy. In the same year, the combined income from the investment and corporate banking division constituted 24% of the revenue. Therefore, these complementary products provide a sustainable revenue mix that can help BNP expand its operations to international markets, such as Singapore.  In addition, BNP generates revenue from net interest income from its business divisions. In 2011, its net interest contributed about 57% of the revenue while income from commissions contributed 32% (Datamonitor 2012). Thus, BNP relies on multiple products to drive its growth, which means that it is resilient to shocks in the re tail banking market. Strong Capital Base Since 2010, the BNP group has been recording an increase in its capital and common equity ratio. The group’s capital grew from $88,754 million to $91,930 million between 2010 and 2011, increasing its common equity ratio to 9.6% (Datamonitor 2012). The high capital gains indicate that the firm has sufficient resources to expand into international markets, including Singapore. In addition, BNP group’s massive capital surplus, which, according to Datamonitor (2012), stood at $42bn in 2012, can enable the firm to weather disruptive market developments. Thus, the BNP group can remain resilient in the face of unfavorable market conditions Weaknesses Despite its leading market position, BNP has some internal weaknesses that affect its profitability. The declining quality of the bank’s loan book and cost management are some of the challenges facing BNP’s internal environment (Carter McNulty 2005). In particular, the risin g operational costs have had a significant effect on the group’s profitability. Declining Loan Book Quality BNP’s retail banking division extends credit and mortgages to customers. Since 2010, the bank’s debt or doubtful loans have been rising and currently stands at $47.9bn (Datamonitor 2012). The increased lending risk associated with financial crises in Eurozone countries has had an effect on the firm’s operating income. As a result, the bank’s coverage dropped to 80% in 2011 down from 81% the previous year (Datamonitor 2012). The declining coverage shows that the internal provisions have had little effect on the quality of the bank’s loan book and operating income. Inappropriate Cost Management BNP has been unable to control operational costs in some of its business divisions. The cost/income ratio of its Eurozone division increased to above 80% in 2013 from a low of 65% in 2010 (MarketLine 2015). In another division, called BancWest, co sts reached 57% relative to the operating income earned in 2010, up from 52% the previous year (MarketLine 2015). Clearly, the firm’s cost/income ratio is unfavorable, a scenario that has a significant effect on its profitability and growth plans. Recommended Actions The retail banking market in Singapore has grown significantly over the past few years, making it highly attractive to international players. Consumers show confidence in large financial institutions that have a strong brand identity, such as DBS. Therefore, new entrants must seek to build brand identity in the Singaporean market. In this respect, the writer recommends the use of an intermediary as the entry mode to the Singaporean retail banking market to reduce entry costs. In addition, this entry mode is less subject to the stringent regulations imposed on full-fledged institutions. The MSA regulations require all banks to maintain a capital ratio of 6%, in line with Basel III standards (MarketLine 2012). Thus , entering the market as a full-fledged will be more costly than the intermediary entry mode.  To penetrate the market faster, BNP will need to adopt innovative banking systems. The writer recommends that BNP should invest in in-house systems that can handle large volumes of customer data and allow contactless transactions via mobile devices. BNP will need to integrate vertically with network providers in Singapore to reach more customers. Additionally, BNP will need the services of firms that offer data processing software to roll out its credit/debit card product in the Singaporean market. Examples of such firms include MasterCard and Visa. Strategic partnerships with network/software providers will enhance the security of BNP’s credit cards. The partnerships will increase consumer confidence in the bank’s products and translate into a better brand image and business growth.  Debit cards will also provide BNP with an opportunity to penetrate the Singaporean retai l banking market. Debit cards offer extra advantages over hard currency, including security and ease of use. BNP can provide debit cards that facilitate online transactions or payment for services and goods to attract more customers.  Product differentiation is another strategy BNP can use to penetrate and grow in the retail banking market. Current players have comparable product offerings, which limit the degree of business competitiveness. BNP can introduce insurance and investment products in addition to credit/debit cards and mortgages. In addition, according to MarketLine (2012), the high-interest rates imposed by the current players have led to a decline in demand for credit services. In this view, BNP should offer credit facilities at competitive interest rates to attract new customers. As a big corporation, BNP can leverage on its huge capital base to provide credit services at competitive rates. The competitive interest rates will reduce the rate at which consumers switch to competitor products.  To increase its geographical reach, BNP will have to use agents or intermediaries. Through agents, the bank can expand its coverage and proximity to individual customers. Additionally, through vertical integration with mobile service providers, BNP can bring its services closer to the people. A multi-operator system, such as the Payez Mobile, will be useful in expanding the bank’s reach into areas currently underserved by the existing market players. Thus, partnerships with leading service providers will be a source of competitive advantage for BNP. Singapore is experiencing a property boom fueled by the increasing inflows of foreign investments. Between 2009 and 2013, private property value in Singapore increased by over 120% (MarketLine 2015). The rising property value shows that the demand for mortgages for building residential property is high. Thus, the real estate market is a lucrative segment that BNP can target. The current high-interest ra tes have forced property buyers to resort to renting, a scenario that has reduced the level of competitiveness of the mortgage sector. Therefore, BNP should offer mortgage products at low-interest rates to attract customers wishing to purchase residential houses. Singapore’s business environment and less restrictive policies are attractive to a foreign workforce. Thus, international firms expanding to Singapore can employ skilled foreign labor to drive their growth strategies. BNP can rely on an experienced foreign workforce to drive its retail banking business in Singapore. Experienced managers working in other BNP divisions can be redeployed to head its new operations in Singapore. The use of experienced managers will cut down the costs associated with training and turnover in the industry.  BNP is a market leader in personal finance in its existing markets. The bank’s personal finance product is doing very well in the European markets. BNP can sell the same produc t in the Singaporean market to tap into existing opportunities. In this respect, the writer recommends a multi-channel approach in reaching out to clients. BNP can use different channels, including internet, agents, and social networking sites to increase its digital presence. In addition, product offerings that complement customer credit and mortgages, such as insurance cover, would enable BNP to penetrate the Singaporean retail banking market successfully. References BNP Paribas 2015, Retail Banking and Services. Web. Carter, D. McNulty, E. 2005, ‘Deregulation, Technological Change, and the Business-Lending Performance of Large and Small Banks’, Journal of Banking and Finance, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 113-130. Datamonitor 2012, BNP Paribas Group: Company Profile. Web. Market Line 2012, BNP Paribas Group. Web. Market Line 2013, Country Profile Series: Singapore. Web. Market Line 2015, Market Line Industry Profile: Retail Lending in Singapore. Web. This report on International Expansion Strategy for BNP Paribas was written and submitted by user Amy Mcpherson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

East Of Eden Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays

East Of Eden Essays - English-language Films, Free Essays East Of Eden Clinging together in the face of lonliness and alienation, George and Lennie desperately seek to escape their poverty, and strive to transform their chimerical dream into a reality. This heartfelt dream is what sets George and Lennie aside from the other men, yet ironically it is so easily shattered. Throughout the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, copious comparisons to animals are stated, signifying that their antagonistic way of life was not suitable for humans; This animal imagery helps elucidate the somewhat abstract ideals and character traits present in the text. Lennies demeanor is compared to many animals, Lennies death is compared to the death of Curlys dog, and even the end of Georges and Lennies dream is represented by a heron and the snake. To thoroughly describe Lennies bizarre disposition, Steinbeck compares him to a bear, horse, terrier, and a bull. Large and capable of violence, yet clueless and tender like a bear Lennie is totally unpredictable at times. Lennie is also similar to a bear in that his hands are huge like bear paws, and in the closing of the story he is said to Creep as silently as a bear would. Snorting into the water, Lennie reminds George of a horse. Similarly to how Lennie is compared to bear, he is said to be as strong as a bull; Lennie is also reluctant like a terrier who does not want to bring a ball to his master, but Lennie finally gives George his mouse. The brilliantly cryptic foreshadowing of Lennies death is told through the shooting of Candys dog. Candys dog is old and is not useful any more, so therefore the men in the bunk house want to dispose of him. Forcing the reluctant Candy to let them kill his dog was an arduous task, but the insistent nagging finally makes Candy capitulate his o ld dog to them. The dog is not only unsuspecting, but also helpless to the bullet that passes through the base of his skull killing him in an instant though without pain. Analogously Lennie is killed the same way, and even though George is reluctant, he knows that it is his obligation kill Lennie. Probably the most tragic point in the story is the realization that George and Lennies dream will not come true. A little snake slithering in the pool of water, totally unsuspecting his fate, is suddenly swallowed by a heron looking to satisfy his hunger. Curlys wife is searching to satisfy her hunger for someone to converse with, someone who will listen to her stories and to commiserate with her. She causes Lennie to break her neck, which ends Lennies life, and suddenly shatters his, Georges, Candys, and Crooks dream. These examples of animal imagery help illustrate John Steinbecks message, and define the present theme. The characters in the book posses many eclectic characteristics which make correspond to certain animals. This tragic story possesses a certain clandestine message, and it can be interpreted in many different ways. The one point that is most obviously stated is that being different is not easy, and that some people are not meant to exist on this Earth. Another conspicuous notion is that dreams should be guarded strongly, because as hastily as you conceived them they could be snatched from you without clemency. Bibliography The book Of mice and men.

An Evaluation of Human Productivity Using Computer and Internet

Both technology and Computers are more than ever present in our daily routines helping us achieve our objectives in a faster, secure and more professional way. The aim of this report is to evaluate whether Computers and Internet make people more productive. According to the information gathered, it turns out that in most cases they do in fact improve the overall productivity of people. It†s amazing how many new communications discoveries have improved the way people work, behave and conduct their lives. The term productive can be explained as â€Å"Yielding favorable or useful results; constructive. Or involved in the creation of goods and services to produce wealthy or value†. 1 Let me start by providing some of the new technological terms that have been changing the lifestyle of many people. Internet, or Information Super Highway, is aimed to improve accesses to information and corporate resources. â€Å"This communication will allow people to move faster, control communications costs, and overcome distance. It can also make your people more productive, empowering them with new tools to help meet business objectives.†2 Thanks to the Internet, people are more than ever able to share their information, thoughts and ideas faster. Another technology being used nowadays is called telecommuting. A simple explanation is that employees can now work from home, without having to go to their offices. According to many surveys, the number of people whom will adopt this working method will reach 45 millions people in the United States by the Year 2000. â€Å"Telecommuting provides me with a lot of flexibility†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"And it allows me to balance my work load with my personal life. I feel that I’m definitely more productive.†3 This can only be accomplished by the lower price of hardware and software available in the market today. In addition, with lower-cost high-tech home office equipment available, the approach saves employers money on office space and overhead. This is only the tip of the iceberg, compared to the endless ways of how the use of Computers integrated with an Internet connection can make people more productive. Furthermore, lower software prices together with very well designed computer interfaces can also increase the productivity of workers. I can certainly say that well-designed user interface helps me better accomplish my daily tasks at work. Why? One of the major changes in computer technology has been the development of icons instead of command driven interfaces. According to the use of Human-Computer Interaction Studies, â€Å"only 5% to 20% of user interactions typically involve help, but although this reflects a small percentage in terms of data collection it can be very substantial one in terms of effort and frustration!†4 â€Å"GUI (Graphical User Interface) also provides interface options not available in character mode. The chance that they’re all irrelevant is slight; some will let you make people more productive.†5 An image is easier to be recognized by humans; thus well-designed software facilitates the tasks included in performing your job. This method yields constructive results, which is one of the definitions for productivity. In addition to that, many changes have been made in the way in which people connect themselves. The terminology LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) are the methods used for people to connect in an office, within their houses or with friends around the world. Network Structure is related to the people working under the same building but not in the same area. The connections between different floors within a company can be achieved by using LANs. By means of LANs and WANs, people can contact their co-workers within the same building or the other side of the world by only sending them an e-mail message. Not only does this kind of information technology give people the ability to do their jobs more effectively, but also allows them to respond faster, yielding more productivity. â€Å"So, for instance, if your company has internal web sites in London, Singapore, Seattle, and New York, someone with a web browser could retrieve information from any of those sites with equal ease.†6 Again, this technique produces, in my opinion, favorable results not only for the user but also for the company. The aim is to make people more productive, to reduce cost and provide the best quality possible. To achieve this stage, such tools are necessary today. Not only e-mail messages make things simpler but also improve the speed in which people received/send their answers. A valid example where a user needs faster help is when a computer problem arises or you need to find out the next flight to â€Å"Spain†. Instead of calling the Telephone Company and asking for the telephone number of the carrier, one can just check the Internet for a fast, reliable information. Another example is when you need to fix your computer. You need that information as fast as you can get it. Nowadays, the use of on-line help has been proven a true value. Problems with printers, files and computers bugs can arise at any time. On-line help can easily provide that information for you or your company faster than spending time finding the number to call to customer service for help. Less time to fix the problem means more time to be productive. This example explains the ability to generate services, another explanation of productivity. Much has been said about the Internet and computers. But can computers without the Internet increase people†s productivity? I strongly believe that computers have increased the speed in which we accomplish our activities. According to many studies, my assumption is not always correct. A report states that †¦ â€Å"Information processing continues to be the principal task undertaken by America’s work force. Over half the labor force is employed in information-handling activities. Overall productivity growth appears to have slowed significantly since the early 1970s and measured productivity growth has fallen especially sharply in the service sectors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 7 But it also states that computers helped people to be more confident and therefore to feel more comfortable making decisions on their own. Computers are able to provide people with resources and material to facilitate their decision-making. They are becoming user-friendly enough for all to be able to use. This is one of the main reasons why the hi-tech companies today are facing such a state of grace, with outrageous revenues and endless room for new development of products. Many others believe that what is happening now is just the beginning and that we are entering in a new era as described by Peter Schwartz. He states that†¦ We are watching the beginnings of a global economic boom on a scale never experienced before. We have entered a period of sustained growth that could eventually double the world’s economy every dozen years and bring increasing prosperity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 8 With all this new technology emerging is not difficult to agree that much more is yet to come. If all the new technology will make tasks easier, improve quality and increase productivity, let this technology be part of the world and accessible by people. As stated before, computers are becoming a very important piece of equipment in our lives. Much can be done with computers. They are only tools that need to be driven by a smart, intelligent individual to generate the best outputs possible. An Evaluation of Human Productivity Using Computer and Internet Both technology and Computers are more than ever present in our daily routines helping us achieve our objectives in a faster, secure and more professional way. The aim of this report is to evaluate whether Computers and Internet make people more productive. According to the information gathered, it turns out that in most cases they do in fact improve the overall productivity of people. It†s amazing how many new communications discoveries have improved the way people work, behave and conduct their lives. The term productive can be explained as â€Å"Yielding favorable or useful results; constructive. Or involved in the creation of goods and services to produce wealthy or value†. 1 Let me start by providing some of the new technological terms that have been changing the lifestyle of many people. Internet, or Information Super Highway, is aimed to improve accesses to information and corporate resources. â€Å"This communication will allow people to move faster, control communications costs, and overcome distance. It can also make your people more productive, empowering them with new tools to help meet business objectives.†2 Thanks to the Internet, people are more than ever able to share their information, thoughts and ideas faster. Another technology being used nowadays is called telecommuting. A simple explanation is that employees can now work from home, without having to go to their offices. According to many surveys, the number of people whom will adopt this working method will reach 45 millions people in the United States by the Year 2000. â€Å"Telecommuting provides me with a lot of flexibility†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"And it allows me to balance my work load with my personal life. I feel that I’m definitely more productive.†3 This can only be accomplished by the lower price of hardware and software available in the market today. In addition, with lower-cost high-tech home office equipment available, the approach saves employers money on office space and overhead. This is only the tip of the iceberg, compared to the endless ways of how the use of Computers integrated with an Internet connection can make people more productive. Furthermore, lower software prices together with very well designed computer interfaces can also increase the productivity of workers. I can certainly say that well-designed user interface helps me better accomplish my daily tasks at work. Why? One of the major changes in computer technology has been the development of icons instead of command driven interfaces. According to the use of Human-Computer Interaction Studies, â€Å"only 5% to 20% of user interactions typically involve help, but although this reflects a small percentage in terms of data collection it can be very substantial one in terms of effort and frustration!†4 â€Å"GUI (Graphical User Interface) also provides interface options not available in character mode. The chance that they’re all irrelevant is slight; some will let you make people more productive.†5 An image is easier to be recognized by humans; thus well-designed software facilitates the tasks included in performing your job. This method yields constructive results, which is one of the definitions for productivity. In addition to that, many changes have been made in the way in which people connect themselves. The terminology LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) are the methods used for people to connect in an office, within their houses or with friends around the world. Network Structure is related to the people working under the same building but not in the same area. The connections between different floors within a company can be achieved by using LANs. By means of LANs and WANs, people can contact their co-workers within the same building or the other side of the world by only sending them an e-mail message. Not only does this kind of information technology give people the ability to do their jobs more effectively, but also allows them to respond faster, yielding more productivity. â€Å"So, for instance, if your company has internal web sites in London, Singapore, Seattle, and New York, someone with a web browser could retrieve information from any of those sites with equal ease.†6 Again, this technique produces, in my opinion, favorable results not only for the user but also for the company. The aim is to make people more productive, to reduce cost and provide the best quality possible. To achieve this stage, such tools are necessary today. Not only e-mail messages make things simpler but also improve the speed in which people received/send their answers. A valid example where a user needs faster help is when a computer problem arises or you need to find out the next flight to â€Å"Spain†. Instead of calling the Telephone Company and asking for the telephone number of the carrier, one can just check the Internet for a fast, reliable information. Another example is when you need to fix your computer. You need that information as fast as you can get it. Nowadays, the use of on-line help has been proven a true value. Problems with printers, files and computers bugs can arise at any time. On-line help can easily provide that information for you or your company faster than spending time finding the number to call to customer service for help. Less time to fix the problem means more time to be productive. This example explains the ability to generate services, another explanation of productivity. Much has been said about the Internet and computers. But can computers without the Internet increase people†s productivity? I strongly believe that computers have increased the speed in which we accomplish our activities. According to many studies, my assumption is not always correct. A report states that †¦ â€Å"Information processing continues to be the principal task undertaken by America’s work force. Over half the labor force is employed in information-handling activities. Overall productivity growth appears to have slowed significantly since the early 1970s and measured productivity growth has fallen especially sharply in the service sectors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 7 But it also states that computers helped people to be more confident and therefore to feel more comfortable making decisions on their own. Computers are able to provide people with resources and material to facilitate their decision-making. They are becoming user-friendly enough for all to be able to use. This is one of the main reasons why the hi-tech companies today are facing such a state of grace, with outrageous revenues and endless room for new development of products. Many others believe that what is happening now is just the beginning and that we are entering in a new era as described by Peter Schwartz. He states that†¦ We are watching the beginnings of a global economic boom on a scale never experienced before. We have entered a period of sustained growth that could eventually double the world’s economy every dozen years and bring increasing prosperity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 8 With all this new technology emerging is not difficult to agree that much more is yet to come. If all the new technology will make tasks easier, improve quality and increase productivity, let this technology be part of the world and accessible by people. As stated before, computers are becoming a very important piece of equipment in our lives. Much can be done with computers. They are only tools that need to be driven by a smart, intelligent individual to generate the best outputs possible.

Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis - Coursework Example 2. You should set the initial conditions (green boxes) to reasonable values, explaining your choices. You should also explain the effects that increasing or decreasing these values have on the model. The initial conditions for density of air, ambient pressure, and ambient temperature for the engine have been input in the relevant green boxes in the excel file. The air pressure at sea level is 1.225 kg/m3, rounded off to 1.2 kg/m3 (Ahrens et al. 2012). This is at a temperature of 15Â °C (The Engineering Toolbox 2013). This air density is chosen because it is the density of air present at sea level. The ambient temperature is set at 300 K because this is generally taken as the average room temperature. The ambient pressure is chosen as 1.000 bar because the standard atmospheric pressure is generally indicated as 1 bar, which is equated to 100,000 Pa (Ahrens et al. 2012). Air density affects the pressure in the cylinder, ambient pressure affects the power generation and ambient tempera ture affects the efficiency of the engine. The effect of increasing the given value of air density would be that the pressure in the cylinder will increase for the compression ratio mentioned in the table. There will be more air to mix with fuel if the air density is high and therefore, there will be more power. Increase in the pressure at the same temperature will result in increase in power generation. Increasing the given value of ambient pressure will cause an increase in the maximum pressure in the cylinder. This will in turn increase the power and torque of the engine and vice versa. At low pressure, the air per cubic meter is lesser due to lesser pressure. This will lead to a reduction in performance of the engine. This effect is dependent on the speeds, as shown by Shannak and Alhasan (2002). At a low speed of up to 2500 rpm, volumetric efficiency and fuel consumption of the engine are found to decrease at with decrease in ambient pressure. On the other hand, at a higher spe ed of 3000 rpm, engine performance is found to decrease with increase in atmosphere pressure. Furthermore, while it can be assumed that at higher pressure the power and torque of the engine increases, there are more structural loads on the car and the fuel consumption is also increased (Ayers 1997). If the ambient temperature is reduced, the efficiency of the engine will increase. Increase in the ambient temperature results in a reduction in the engine efficiency as well as output (Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. 2008). All engines are known to have a better performance at lower temperatures (Ayers 1997). This will happen because reduction in ambient temperature will cause a higher energy transfer to the crankshaft. Thus, the energy loss will be reduced and the engine will have higher efficiency. 3. You now need to select suitable values for the polytropic index for compression and expansion (pink boxes) explaining your choices with reference to adiabatic, isothermal and pol ytropic processes and the differences between them. The suitable values for the polytropic index for compression and expansion have been input into the relevant pink boxes in the excel file. The values are given as 1.3 and 1.2 respectively for polytropic index of compression and polytropic index of expansion. The polytropic index of compression for petrol engines is generally reported as 1.3 (Huleihil and Mazor 2012). A polytropic index of 1 is considered isothermal while that of 1.4 is considered adiabatic (The Engineering Toolbox 2013). In our engine, the

Animal Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Animal Behavior - Essay Example mental attack.† The tentative conclusion and the statement that the authors’ ideas are likely to change with time, does not actually make the suggestion convincing. The authors, however, present a wide spectrum of thoughts on the issue and describe several experiments that relate to the concept. The manner in which the arguments are presented need to be considered and their objectivity assessed, to make the overall argument worth consideration. The authors seem to have made several sweeping assumptions in order to narrow down the scope of the discussion. Thus they have been able to offer the reader a wide spectrum of ideas to ponder upon. An example would be the statement that most neuroscientists do not attempt to study consciousness either because it is a philosophical problem or because such study is premature. Discarding the philosophical aspects of the issue, the article goes on to argue that such study is not premature. No valid reasons are given for discarding the philosophical aspects, even as there is no dispute about the need to study the issue scientifically in the present time. I don’t think the issue can be approached purely from a scientific perspective without considering the philosophical aspects. The article dwells on several features and forms of consciousness and introduces the concept of â€Å"neuronal correlates of consciousness† or NCC. The force of the argument is substantially reduced by asserting that the assumptions are â€Å"tentative† and that â€Å"personal decisions† were taken to set aside several topics without further discussion. Further it goes on to state that a precise definition of consciousness was premature and that it was â€Å"not profitable† to make certain arguments. Such statements in a scientific, or at the very least an objective discussion, dilute its validity. However, visual consciousness, its uses, nature, characteristics and biological explanations etc, discussed in the works by others in the field are used,

Travel and Tourism Essay Example for Free

Travel and Tourism Essay Air cabin crew members make sure that airline passengers have a comfortable, safe and pleasant flight. Air cabin crew member must be polite, well-spoken and have a positive approach. Main duties responsibilities The job of a pilot comes with heavy responsibility and personal commitment. There is more to the role than just flying the plane, which has to be done safely and economically, and tasks can typically include: ensuring all information on the route,  ensuring all safety systems are working carrying out pre-flight checks on the navigation and operating systems communicating with air traffic control before take-off. Tasks may vary slightly depending on whether it is a short or long-haul flight and the size of the team you are working in. However, they typically include: Attending a pre-flight briefing, during which air cabin crew are assigned their working positions for the upcoming flight. Crew are also informed of flight details, the schedule and if there are passengers with any special requirements, such as diabetic passengers, passengers in wheelchairs or the number of infants on board; carrying out pre-flight duties, including checking the safety equipment, ensuring the aircraft is clean and tidy, ensuring that information in the seat pockets is up to date and that all meals and stock are on board; welcoming passengers on board and  directing them to their seats; informing passengers of the aircraft safety procedures and ensuring that all hand luggage is securely stored away; checking all passenger seat belts and galleys are secure prior to take-off; making announcements on behalf of the pilot and answering passenger questions during the flight; serving meals and refreshments to passengers; Entry requirements: Qualifications You would usually start your career as a first officer after gaining at least an Airline Transport Pilots License. This is first awarded as a part time ATL, which allows you to fly as a first officer. When you have completed enough flying hours you can apply for a full ATPL and qualify as an airline captain. You must be at least 21 years old to have a full ATPL. You will need to pass a thorough medical check. You should be physically fit, and have good hearing, eyesight and color-normal vision. Several universities offer courses in air transport and operations with pilot training options. Some of these allow you to study up to frozen ATPL level. In most cases, you will have to pay for the flight training modules yourself. A degree or HND/foundation degree is not required for entry into work as a cabin crew member. Instead, most airlines require a good secondary education, with some asking for grade C or above in English and Maths. Skills To become an airline pilot, you will need to have: the ability to follow spoken instructions from air traffic control the ability to give clear, confident instructions to crew members and passengers good teamwork skills the ability to work with technology good hand-to-eye coordination the ability to read maps and 3D displays good written communication skills The ability to remain calm, and take charge in an emergency. flexibility in working unsocial hours on any day of the year; To become a cabin crew member, you will need to have: communication skills; confidence in dealing with a range of people; the ability to work as a team member (different teams may be worked with every day) and be supportive of colleagues; competence in handling difficult situations and the ability to remain calm under pressure and in emergency situations; the ability to be tactful and diplomatic but also assertive when necessary; commercial awareness and sales skills; flexibility in working unsocial hours on any day of the year; the ability to work quickly and efficiently, often to tight time constraints; numeracy skills for handling cash, including foreign currency; The ability to work in a confined space. Personal qualities Pilots need to display a very special blend of personal characteristics: maturity, commitment, a technical aptitude and interest, determination to succeed, self-motivation and willingness to take on responsibility.  The qualities of a good cabin crew are approachability, warm personality, sincerity, honesty, having a humble disposition, friendliness, discipline, stable emotion, having good listening skills, rule oriented, being organised, having a cross-cultural sensitivity and understanding, adaptability, assertiveness, dedication to details and having a good sense of humour. Some airlines look for air cabin crew who can speak a second language and this will be essential if you want to be based in an overseas location. Experience Pilots must be at least 21 years old and have full ATPL and have a certain amount of flying hours to start flying. They will need to pass a thorough medical check. To become a cabin crew memebr, you would be given basic training lasting between four and six weeks. This covers: security, customs  and immigration regulations; safety and emergency procedures; first aid; customer relations and passenger care; currency exchange; food preparation and service, and galley management; Personal grooming (appearance). After this you would normally have a trial period of three to six months. During this time your performance would be checked by trainers or senior crew members. You would have to pass regular exams to test your knowledge of safety and emergency procedures, and to make sure you meet official first aid requirements. Other factors, e.g. location, CRB disclosures, driving licence It is recommended that before candidates you begin any training you take the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) Class One Medical. It is a requirement that all airline pilots pass this medical, and if they do not, they will not be able to complete the training to achieve the ATPL. Criminal record checks can play a key role in your personnel security regime, both at the pre-employment stage and as a tool in personnel security aftercare. The Department for Transport) requires a basic criminal record disclosure for certain roles. This shows unspent convictions only. Candidates also must be able to swim for 25m unaccompanied. Cabin Crew candidates must go through a CRB check. To be successful candidates must not have a criminal record and in some cases not even a caution. Candidates also must be able to swim for 25m unaccompanied. Depending on what airline you work for, you must hold a driving license e.g. Flybe require candidates to have a valid driving licence. Progression: Opportunities for promotion progression Newly qualified pilots start with an airline as a copilot, where they will be second in command on the aircraft. The captain has the overall responsibility for the flight and safety of the passengers and crew but shares tasks with the copilot. With enough hours and experience copilots will be able to progress to the role as a captain. With experience air cabin crew members could get promoted to pursers. As the purser, you would ensure that all crew within your cabin deliver the highest level of customer service. You would also give feedback on their performance and try to boost sales of duty-free items. Training Pilots training to reach the frozen ATPL level could take between nine and 36 months, depending on which entry route they follow. It may take less time if you already have a Private Pilots License, Commercial Pilots License or experience in the armed forces. Training will include: flight principles navigation and communications meteorology operational procedures aviation law use of flight simulators and flying real aircraft. During the training period, you would learn basic flying skills and usually work towards frozen ATPL. You must complete a minimum 195 hours flying time to achieve this. There isn’t a strict education required for becoming an air hostess (besides a GCSE level in English and Maths for most companies), but taking cabin crew training will increase your chance of being hired. Some courses will provide you with training which is similar to the cabin crew training you would receive from an airline company. This gives you a benefit over those who didn’t have some relevant training, which will likely make you stand out of the crowd. Further higher education Pilots would normally start work as a co-pilot (first officer) alongside a training captain on short-haul flights. This would give them maximum experience of take offs and landings. A full ATPL is normally awarded after 1500 flying hours, with at least 500 of these as a co-pilot. Eventually you could become a fully qualified captain. A range of further training courses are also available, which introduce candidates to skills and recruitment processes. Such courses often have useful links to major recruiters and can be an advantage, but do not guarantee entry to the profession. Factors to consider:  E.g. seasonality, temporary, fixed-term contracts. Most seasons start in October and go through May-July so you missed this season. Contracts vary from fixed and temporary. If you have a temporary contract, airlines could go on to terminate your contract or offer you a permanent contract. Contracts vary from fixed and temporary. If you have a temporary contract, they could go on to terminate your contract or offer you a permanent contract. Working hours Your working hours would be linked to flight destinations and could include nights, weekends and public holidays. Working hours are strictly regulated for safety reasons. The amount of time you spend away from home would vary. On UK and European routes, you may be able to return home every evening. Flights further away would often involve overnight stays or longer. If so, your employer would provide you with accommodation. You would work shifts that include weekends, nights and public holidays. The amount of time you would spend away from home would vary depending on the flight routes that you work on. You would be expected to be neat and smart, and your company would provide you with a uniform. The work can be physically demanding, as you would spend a lot of time on your feet and work in small spaces like the kitchen galley. Bad weather could make it uncomfortable in the aircraft. Level of pay A pilot’s level of pay may vary from  £21,000 to  £75,000 depending on experience and level of flying hours. Starting salaries can be between  £12,000 and  £14,000 a year. With experience, this rises to between  £15,000 and  £21,000 a year. Senior crew can earn up to  £25,000 a year. Overtime and flight allowances can increase salaries. Perks As well as getting to fly to either domestic or international destinations as part of their job, airplane pilots get big discounts on personal air travel. Many also enjoy discounts on personal car rentals and hotel rooms through their employers. These benefits can be for life and often extend to other family members. Pilots also enjoy free hotel accommodations when they have to stay away from home overnight. Cabin crew members are provided with free accommodation. You can get cheaper flights for friends and family depending on the airline. The major perk to being cabin crew. For the lucky few that get long haul flights then they will normally stopover in the country you are going too. The airlines will normally put you up in a 4 or 5 star hotel plus whilst you are there you are free to do as you wish. As well as all this you also get paid for it.

joeseph stalin :: essays research papers

Joseph Stalin was a man who had many accomplishments in his lifetime. He was a family man, a business man, and a political leader of one of the worlds largest super powers. He is noted for having control over more people for a greater amount of time than anyone before or since his time. He is compared to Ghengis Kahn and Ivan the terrible. Stalin had a unique way of thinking and governing this became known as Stalinism He had thoughts and ideas that affect our world even today. Joseph Stalin was born in1879 by the name Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashville on the twenty-first of December in the small town of Gori Georgia into a poor poverty stricken family. His father was an unsuccessful cobbler he was also an alcoholic who beat Joseph mercilessly, and was killed in a bar fight were he was stabbed to death. Stalin’s mother was more supportive of him, Her name was Ekiterena She was a simple washerwoman who had hoped for Joseph to become a priest. Joseph Had no siblings, he was the last born child and only to survive infancy. His mother was said to be very attentive to him, it is said that â€Å"her attentiveness encouraged Stalin to self- idolization, while the deprivations of his childhood may have made compensatory life physiologically indispensable. In any event young Stalin given to identify with hero-like figures† (William G. Rosenberg) This is why he was given his nick name Koba after a fictional mountain hero. His family squalor gave him ambition and an acute Consciousness on class, but his Georgian background also taught him a bit of brutality and vengeance. In 1893 Stalin entered Tifilis Theological Seminary â€Å"the discipline there was another impetus toward revolutionary activism.† (Joseph Stalin). Soon after in 1898 he was involved in radical political activity. And in the next year he left the seminary before he graduated and became a revolutionary organizer by 1901 he was a member of the Georgian branch of the social democratic party. He roamed the caucuses, agitating among co workers, he helped with strikes, and spreading socialist literature he had no charisma or oral skill but seamed to be talented at practical organization, and in his dull appearance concealed a genuine genius and an acute memory which helped him in several ways. Later in 1903 the social democrats split into two groups leaving Stalin to choose which side to join, the sides were the Boshlevics and the Mensheviks.

Should Teens Be Tried as Adults

This summary is not available. Please click here to view the post.

Major Shifts in Netflix Strategy Essay

Compare Blockbuster’s and Netflix’s profit models and value proposition prior to the establishment of Blockbuster online: Blockbuster’s Value Proposition and Profit Models: †¢ By establishing over 5000 locations to represent â€Å"70% of the U. S. population by a 10 minute drive,† Blockbuster’s value proposition is its convenience by geographic location. The physical convenience as well as established brand name made the Blockbuster experience attractive to potential movie rental customers. †¢ Their profit models were based highly off of their utilization of shelf  space. Most prominent shelf space would be dedicated to the newest releases. †¢ Another part of Blockbuster’s profit model was to maximize the number of days a video was rented. This financial aspect of the profit model allowed more rentals, thus more revenue. †¢ Late fees contributed to Blockbuster’s profit model in two ways. The fees accounted for $600 million or 10% of Blockbuster’s revenue in 2004. They also enhanced the company’s consistency in timely rental returns. Since customers usually want to avoid late fees, returning their rentals in a timely manner  allowed the videos to be rented by another customer. Netflix Value Proposition and Profit Models: †¢ Netflix’s key value proposition was offering a completely different format of movie rental. Not only did Netflix offer its product through a different channel (the internet), but they also focused on utilizing DVDs, which was at the time considered early- ­? technology. The popularity of both the internet and DVDs were increasing at the time of Netflix’s launch. With an increase in popularity of new technology, Netflix’s unique service offering became very  attractive among the early- ­? adopters of these technologies. The utilization of a subscription- ­? based service also added to its value proposition. Enabling subscribers to exchange DVDs as frequently as they wanted made Netflix even more attractive. †¢ One aspect of Netflix’s profit model was its marketing strategy to only target DVD consumers. By developing a cross- ­? promotional program with manufacturers and retailers of DVD players, Netflix did not waste marketing to other consumer groups who don’t have the new technology to even use DVDs. †¢ In regards to Netflix’s operational aspects of its profit model, Netflix expansion of nationwide distribution centers contributed to the company’s efficient process. The expansion improved delivery time and also nationwide coverage. Also, the low costs of investing in an additional distribution center further added to the company’s profit model. 2) List each major shift in Netflix’s Strategy †¢ The first major shift in Netflix’s strategy was the transition to a prepaid subscription service. Netflix realized its original pricing strategy of paying $4 for reach rental was †¢

Analytical Essay Sample on Information Studies Significant Changes

Analytical Essay Sample on Information Studies Significant Changes Free example essay on Information Studies: Developments in Modern technology, means more information, more cheaply and more quickly available than ever before. What are the significance of these changes? Indeed, it can be said that modern technology has allowed for the cheaper and quicker access of information, and indeed, for the increase of information available. But is it fair to say that technology is a consequence of societal changes. Human beings are most dependant on learning than any species . Information is the basis for communication and co-ordination, that is required for any human society. Due to these developments in modern technology, there have been social, economic, political and cultural changes. Although it isnt clear whether these are positive or negative changes. There has been a definite increase in the amount of information available, due to the developments in modern technology. For one, the government has little or no control over the information which passes in or out of the country. There is less censorship and monitoring, and so there are new sources and themes of information, moving freely around the world, via the internet. Also due to the digital information there is an increase in the kind of information that is produced and transported. Finally, perhaps the most obvious point about the increase in information is, modern technology has lead to some great discoveries. It has lead to increased knowledge, of subjects and world mysteries. It is fair to say then that modern technology has indeed, lead to more information than ever before. The introduction of digital information has brought about a decrease in the price of information. The price of information may only cost the price of a floppy disk, or a telephone call. There is also the convergence of the technologies found in households. For example, the radio, television and, tape and c.d. player, are all combined in one system. The cost of accessing information is virtually none existent, with the internet. The cost of accessing almost any information you want is the cost of a local phone call. To show how much the price has decreased it is interesting to notice that, during WW1 there was 3/4 computers in most countries, now, there are computers in almost every home. Yet when all of this is said, is it really that inexpensive. You must buy a computer, a modem and a television, then upgrade with a faster computer and upgrade software and hardware. Due to technology, information is available significantly quicker. There are no geographical limitations, anymore. Information can be received from anywhere around the world, within a matter of seconds of the initial request. For example, the internet, by simply keying in a word, there are numerous pieces of information on that subject displayed in generally under 20 seconds. Digital technology has also lead to the increased speed at which information is distributed. Yet computers are see as some as very fast yet, very stupid adding machines. Dr. Lee Komito. Yet although it may seem that because of this increase of speed, information and the decrease in cost , that all effects of modern technology is positive this is not true as technology has negative factors socially, culturally, politically and indeed, economically. The development of modern technology has brought about significant changes socially. Whether or not these changes are positive or negative is still to be decided. On the positive side the developments in modern technology has made it easier for the people to communicate with each other. There are many ways in which you can contact people, almost instantaneously. For example, normal and mobile phones and e-mails. Modern technology has allowed people to be accessible at all times. Also, the use of answering machines, means that, even though we are accessible at all times, we have more control over who we interact with. So it can be said that technology is moving towards trying to create a better life socially for the individual, as it was said: Dr. Murray Gell-Mann of the California Institute of Technology says that Society must give new direction to technology, diverting it from applications that yield higher productive efficiency and into areas that yield greater human satisfaction. (deNevers, 1972: 17). Yet, perhaps, due to modern technology people spend less time doing certain sociable activities, like shopping, which can be done from the home now. Although it can be said, that this leaves them time for other social activities. Another downside to the social significance of developments in modern technology an increasing number of people dont know there neighbours. This lack of interaction with people in their community leads to a breakdown in community spirit. Economically also the development in technology has made significant changes, for better or for worse. There is an assumption that improved technology automatically brings about more jobs and therefore more money. This is not necessarily true. The improvements in technology can be seen to have made jobs unstable. People need to know less and so they become cheap and replaceable. Also many of the jobs that used to be done by humans are now done by computers. Economically, developments in modern technology does have positive effects, it increases distribution, which inturn increases consumption. This increases the profits for manufacturing companies, and also, it should decrease, cost for the consumer as there is an increased amount of the product produced, but this is not always the case. There are three different sectors, agriculture, manufacturing and services.